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1) "Pewter" -- As to pewter bowls pew·ter Pronunciation: 'pyü-t&r Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French peutre, from Vulgar Latin *piltrum 1 : any of various alloys having tin as chief component; especially : a dull alloy with lead formerly used for domestic utensils 2 : utensils of pewter 3 : a bluish gray - pewter adjective Pronunciation Symbols Pewter plate Pewter is a metal alloy, traditionally between 85 and 99 percent tin, with the remainder consisting of 1-4 percent copper, acting as a hardener, with the addition of lead for the lower grades of pewter and a bluish tint. Traditionally, there were three grades of pewter: fine, for eatingware, with 96-99 percent tin, and 1-4 percent copper; trifle, also for eating and drinking utensils but duller in appearance, with 92 percent tin, 1-6 percent copper, and up to 4 percent lead; and lay or ley metal, not for eating or drinking utensils, which could contain up to 15 percent lead. Modern pewter mixes the tin with copper, antimony, and/or bismuth as opposed to lead. Physically, pewter is a bright, shiny metal that is very similar in appearance to silver. Like silver, pewter will also oxidize to a dull gray over time if left untreated. Pewter is a very malleable alloy, being soft enough to carve with hand tools, and it also takes good impressions from punches or presses. Because of this inherent softness and malleability, however, pewter cannot be used to make tools itself. Some types of pewter pieces, such as candlesticks, would be turned on a metal lathe. Pieces produced through this technique are sometimes referred to as "holloware." Pewter has a low melting point of around 225-240°C (437-464°F) depending on the exact mixture of metals. Duplication by casting will give excellent results. Fluid tin put into a mold to make a spoon Use of pewter was common from the Middle Ages up until the various developments in glass-making during the 18th and 19th centuries. Pewter was the chief tableware until the making of china. Mass production of glass products has seen glass universally replace pewter in day-to-day life. Pewter artifacts continue to be produced, mainly as decorative or specialty items. Pewter was also used around East Asia. Roman pewter items are very rare, although some are still in existence. Pewter gradually stopped being used and by 1850, it was just about gone. By the 20th century, however, the craft was brought back into existence. Unlidded mu..."
2) "Bowls" -- As to pewter bowls 1bowl Pronunciation: 'bOl Function: noun Etymology: Middle English bolle, from Old English bolla; akin to Old High German bolla blister 1 : a concave usually nearly hemispherical vessel; specifically : a drinking vessel (as for wine) 2 : the contents of a bowl 3 : a bowl-shaped or concave part: as a : the hollow of a spoon or tobacco pipe b : the receptacle of a toilet 4 a : a natural formation or geographical region shaped like a bowl b : a bowl-shaped structure; especially : an athletic stadium 5 : a postseason football game between specially invited teams - bowled /'bOld/ adjective - bowl·ful /-"ful/ noun Pronunciation Symbols Swifts Creek Bowls Club Bowls (also known as Lawn Bowls or Lawn Bowling) is a precision sport in which the goal is to roll slightly radially asymmetrical balls (called bowls) closer to a smaller white ball (the "jack" or "kitty") than one's opponent is able to do. It is related to bocce and pétanque. This game is most popular in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and in other Commonwealth nations. - 1 History
- 2 Game
- 3 Scoring
- 4 Bias of bowls
- 5 Variations of play
- 6 Popularity
- 7 World Indoor Singles Champions
- 8 World Outdoor Singles Champions
- 9 Sir Francis Drake
- 10 Crown green bowls
- 11 References in popular culture
- 12 See also
- 13 References
- 14 External links
| It has been traced certainly to the 13th, and conjecturally to the 12th century. William Fitzstephen (d. about 1190), in his biography of Thomas Becket, gives a graphic sketch of the London of his day and, writing of the summer amusements of the young men, says that on holidays they were "exercised in Leaping, Shooting, Wrestling, Casting of Stones [in jactu lapidum], and Throwing of Javelins fitted with Loops for the Purpose, which they strive to fling before the Mark; they also use Bucklers, like fighting Men." It is commonly supposed that by jactus lapidum Fitzstephen meant the game of bowls, but though it is possible that round stones may sometimes have been employed in an early variety of the game - and there is a record of iron bowls being used, though at a much later date, on festive occasions at Nairn, - nevertheless the inference seems unwarranted. The jactus lapidum of which he speaks was probably more akin to the modern "putting the weight," once even called "..."
Further Data On Term for pewter bowls
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